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Home » Natural Heritage » River Cane Restoration

River Cane Restoration Project

logo for river cane restoration project; cartoon train with overlaid text all aboard the cane train

The Cane Train is a community-based river cane restoration project in southwest Virginia. The project uses a practical, low-cost approach to establish new canebrakes by creating small “canebrake anchors” that can expand over time. Each spring, volunteers harvest river cane rhizomes from established stands. Local greenhouses and universities care for the plants as they become established, and volunteers return in early summer to plant them at restoration sites throughout southwest Virginia.

Why Restore Native River Cane?

River cane (Arundinaria gigantea) once formed extensive canebrakes across the southeastern United States. An estimated 98% of this ecosystem has been lost as a result of agriculture, land-use change, fire exclusion and other changes to the landscape. Today, only a small fraction of its historic extent remains. Restoring river cane helps return this important native plant community to suitable landscapes and supports the ecological and cultural values associated with canebrakes.

Benefits of River Cane

  • Its dense network of rhizomes helps stabilize soil and reduce erosion.
  • It serves as a host plant for several rare cane-feeding moth species.
  • Canebrakes provide habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife.
  • Along waterways, dense stands can provide shade and help limit the establishment of invasive plants.
  • River cane has longstanding cultural importance to many Tribal Nations.
  • River cane can absorb excess nitrogen from agricultural and fertilizer runoff.
photo of mature stand of river cane
Mature stand of rivercane demonstrating its capacity to shade out invasives, stabilize soil, and provide habitat for wildlife

Get Involved

The Cane Train was designed as an accessible, scalable approach to river cane restoration. This technique has been replicated by restoration programs elsewhere in the Southeast with success. Those interested in learning more, starting a restoration effort or participating in the Cane Train can explore the resources below.

We continue to refine our techniques based on what we learn from each year of restoration work. See our updated methodology, and our frequently asked questions for additional information about the project and its methods.

photo of people working to harvest river cane rhizomes
Volunteers work to harvest rhizomes for the 2025 season at Clinch River State Park

Project Links

For more information on our projects specifically, check out these links to webinars and articles about our work.

If you have any additional questions, feel free to contact us at Laura.Young@dcr.virginia.gov

NPR Morning Edition

Restoring Native bamboo

WTVF Radio

Restoring river cane to southwest Virginia

Webinar Series

River Cane Gathering Webinar Series – Restoration and Propagation Techniques
Wild Ones Appalachian Highlands Chapter – Restoration for River Cane, Native Prairies, and Beyond

Website Articles

Restoring Riverfronts with Native Canebrakes

Small plantings can produce substantial results over time. The photo sequence below shows the growth of a canebrake anchor from 2021 through 2025. (click to see larger!)

sequence of rivercane growth from 2021 to 2025
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